Kickapoo Nation Case Study
How did many individuals of the Kickapoo Nation, who originally lived in what is now Indiana, end up living in Mexico? These sources allow you to further investigate this story of American Indian removal.
This treaty records one part of a long history of removal for the Kickapoo Nation.
Be the Political Analyst
Why was the 1832 Treaty with the Kickapoo made?
- Where were the Kickapoo people living when this treaty was written? (What state were they asked to leave?)
- How much money will the Kickapoo be given for this land? What according to Article 3 of the treaty, do the Kickapoo plan to do with much of this money?
- The Kickapoo Nation was moved many times after this treaty. Knowing this, what value do you think this treaty actually had?
Article 1
The Kickapoo tribe of Indians, in consideration of the stipulations hereinafter made, do hereby cede to the United States, the lands assigned to them by the treaty of Edwardsville, and concluded at St. Louis, the nineteenth day of July, eighteen hundred and twenty [two] and all other claims to lands within the State of Missouri.
Article 2
The United States will provide for the Kickapoo tribe, a country to reside in, southwest of the Missouri river, as their permanent place of residence as long as they remain a tribe. And whereas, the said Kickapoo tribe are now willing to remove on the following conditions, from the country ceded on Osage river, in the State of Missouri, to the country selected on the Missouri river, north of lands which have been assigned to the Delawares; it is hereby agreed that the country within the following boundaries shall be assigned, conveyed, and forever secured, and is hereby so assigned, conveyed, and secured by the United States to the said Kickapoo tribe, as their permanent residence, viz: Beginning on the Delaware line, six miles westwardly of Fort Leavenworth, thence with the Delaware line westwardly sixty miles, thence north twenty miles, thence in a direct line to the west bank of the Missouri, at a point twenty-six miles north of Fort Leavenworth, thence down the west bank of the Missouri river, to a point six miles nearly northwest of Fort Leavenworth, and thence to the beginning.
Article 3
In consideration of the cession contained in the first article, the United States agree to pay to the Kickapoo tribe, within one year after the ratification of this treaty, an annuity for one year of eighteen thousand dollars; twelve thousand dollars of which, at the urgent request of said Indians, shall be placed in the hands of the superintendent of Indian affairs at St. Louis, and be by him applied to the payment of the debts of the said tribe, agreeably to a schedule to be furnished by them to the said superintendent, stating as far as practicable, for what contracted, and to whom due; and the said superintendent shall, as soon as possible, after the said money comes into his hands, pay it over in a just apportionment, agreeably to their respective claims, to the creditors of the said tribe, as specified in the schedule furnished him.
Article 1
The Kickapoo tribe of Indians, who agree to the conditions listed in these Articles, will now give up to the United States, the lands that the Kickapoo were given by the treaty of Edwardsville. The treaty of Edwardsville was completed in St. Louis on July 19, 1822. The Kickapoo tribe of Indians will also give up all other claims to lands within the State of Missouri.
Article 2
The United States will give the Kickapoo tribe land to live in, southwest of the Missouri river. This land will be their permanent home as long as they remain a tribe. The Kickapoo tribe are willing to move from the land they gave up on the Osage river, in the State of Missouri, to the land that has been selected for them on the Missouri river...the United States agrees that the land within the following boundaries shall be given forever to the Kickapoo tribe, as their permanent home.
Article 3
Because the Kickapoo have given up the land they were given in 1822 (See Article 1), the United States government agrees to pay to the Kickapoo tribe $18,000 within one year after this treaty is approved. The Kickapoo Indians have asked that $12,000 of that payment should be given to the Superintendent of Indian Affairs in St. Louis. The Superintendent will use the $12,000 to pay the debts of the Kickapoo tribe. The Superintendent should create a plan for which of the Kickapoo's debts will be paid at which time. As soon as the Superintendent receives the $12,000, he will follow the plan he has created for paying the people to whom the Kickapoo Indians owe money.
