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Prior to removal, the Muscogee Nation included large sections of the modern states of Georgia and Alabama.
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Ocmulgee Port of Entrance, 2015, by Richard Thornton. Courtesy of the artist.
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Creek House, 1855. Photo by J.C. Tidball. Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ26-60814.
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Cherokee Ridge, 2013. Photo by Shackleford Photography, istockphoto, 27127244.
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Dauphin Island, 2014. Photo by Peeter Viisimaa, istockphoto, 38644640.
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Audience Given by the Trustees of Georgia to a Delegation of Creek Indians, 1734–35, by William Verelst. Courtesy Winterthur Museum, 1956.0567.
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Pipe tomahawk, ca. 1788–1800, Georgia. National Museum of the American Indian, 12/9426.
“Brothers! I have listened to a great many talks from our great father. But they always began and ended with this—‘Get a little further; you are too near me.’”
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Aerial View of Horseshoe Bend, ca. 2007. Courtesy National Park Service.
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Muscogee bandolier bag, ca. 1814, Alabama. National Museum of the American Indian, 24/4150.
Muscogee (Creek) Treaty, 1832. Courtesy National Archives, Washington, DC.
“They had not only taken the Indians’ land from them, and burnt and destroyed their houses and corn, but used violence to their persons.”
“I have never seen corruption carried on to such proportions in all of my life before. A number of the land purchasers think it rather an honor than a dishonor to defraud the Indian out of his land.”
“How the Indians are to subsist the present year, I cannot imagine. Some of them are sustaining themselves upon roots. They have, apparently, very little corn, and scarcely any stock. The game is gone, and what they are to do, God only knows. Nothing can preserve their property, or their existence, other than their immediate removal to the country designed for them.”