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Central Question

Do American actions against California Native Americans during the gold rush meet the United Nations definition of genocide?

Source E

Source E (PDF)external link icon

State of California Expenditures for Military Expeditions Against Indians, 1850–1852

California State Archives

“General Recapitulationa short summary Recapitulation which is defined as a short summary of the Expenditures incurredto become subject to; to bring upon oneself incurred which is defined as to become subject to; to bring upon oneself by the State of California For the Subsistencethe minimum resources necessary for survival, such as food and shelter Subsistence which is defined as the minimum resources necessary for survival, such as food and shelter and Pay of the Troops, composing of the different Military Expeditions, ordered out by the Governor, during the Years 1850, 1851, and 1852, for the Protection of the Lives and Property of her Citizens, and for the Suppression of Indian Hostilities within her Borders.”

This text is transcribed from the title of the table shown in the image below. The table illustrates the amount paid by the State of California for numerous military expeditions against the Native Americans of California from 1850 to 1852. The total cost of these military expenditures is $843,573.48. Taking inflation into account, this would be over $26 million today.

Expeditions Against the Indians Amount
Mariposa and Monterey $259,372.31
First El Dorado 101,861.65
Second El Dorado 199,784.59
Los Angeles and Utah 96,184.60
Trinity, Klamath and Clear Lake 34,320.08
San Diego “Fitzgerald Volunteers” 22,581.00
Siskiyou “Volunteer Rangers” 14,987.00
Gila “Colorado Volunteers” 113,482.25
Amount paid in War Bonds by Paymasters 1,000.00
Total Amount $843,573.48

Source Analysis Questions

  1. In this table, we see what the State of California paid “for the suppression of Indian hostilities” in three years. We know that there were additional military expeditions after 1852 that are not referenced here. Does anything surprise you about the contents of the table?
  2. When considering the large sum of money the State of California was willing to spend on “expeditions against the Indians” in combination with Governor Peter Burnett’s 1851 State of the State address referencing “a war of extermination,” what might you conclude about the State of California’s role in what was happening to the Native Americans of California during the gold rush?
Military Department, Adjutant General, Indian War Papers (F3753), California State Archives, Office of the Secretary Sacramento, California