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dataGP[1] = new data("images/collaboration/gp01_l.jpg","<font><strong>Pat Courtney Gold</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;November 1998<br><br>&quot;My name is Pat Courtney Gold. I'm enrolled in the Wasco Nation which is now a part of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs in Oregon. The confederation includes the Paiute and Warm Springs Nations.<br><br>Traditionally, the Wasco people lived along the Columbia River in Oregon and Washington between Cascade Locks and Celilo. We lived there for 10,000 years. When the treaties were signed we were moved to the Warm Springs Reservation of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs in Central Oregon.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[2] = new data("images/collaboration/gp02_l.jpg","<font>Celilo Falls, Oregon. 1952 photograph by Gladys Seubert, Oregon Historical Society.<br><br>&quot;Before we were moved, the Wasco were primarily fishing people. Because the Columbia River is so huge, it was like a 'freeway'. All of the Indian people would come down to the Wasco area and trade with us. We would catch thousands of pounds of salmon. We'd dry them and grind the salmon up into powder, which is a high concentrated protein. Then, we would put the powdered salmon in Sally Bags and we would trade Sally Bags and all for other kinds of items from the different tribes that would come down the river. This is what I do, I weave Sally Bags.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[3] = new data("images/collaboration/gp03_l.jpg","<font>Mt. Jefferson, Shitike Butte, Oregon<br><br>&quot;Sally Bags were also used to store gathered roots; if we had a lot of roots, we'd trade them too. That was primarily our life style until 1855 when we were moved to the reservation in Central Oregon, which is dry, hot, and arid.<br><br>The government told us to become farmers, but because of the poor soil and lack of rain, it was impossible. For the first two generations my ancestors lived on the reservation they barely survived and during this time a lot of our culture was lost. It wasn't until recently that our people have been comfortable enough, having good jobs and good housing, to start the process of reviving our lost arts.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[4] = new data("images/collaboration/gp04_l.jpg","<font>&quot;One of the things my sister and I did in 1991 was help revive the art of weaving Sally Bags. There was a non-Indian lady who's husband worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs. She traveled around to all the reservations in our area to talk to elders and the few weavers who knew parts of the weaving techniques. She learned how to put the whole process together. Her goal was to give this gift back to the Wasco people. While she lived on our reservation, my sister and I took classes from her to learn how to make the baskets.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[5] = new data("images/collaboration/gp05_l.jpg","<font>&quot;I used to have a government job, but now I have my own art business. I not only weave, but I also give workshops and travel throughout the Northwest. I know other methods of weaving, but what I enjoy best are the Sally Bags.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[6] = new data("images/collaboration/gp06_l.jpg","<font>&quot;We used to carve wooden bowls and we had beautiful geometric designs on the them. We also carved horn, primarily for spoons and those were also decorated. The spoons were carved from mountain sheep horn. We had mountain sheep in the Columbia Gorge area and in the Cascade Mountains.<br><br>We also had condor that lived in the Columbia Gorge area up until the late 1800s. A lot of our traditional designs, especially those baskets that I'm researching here, have a lot of condor designs. That's really exciting for me. I appreciate the opportunity to come to New York and access these museums collections; to see these gorgeous Sally Bags.</font>")
dataGP[7] = new data("images/collaboration/gp07_l.jpg","<font>&quot;I was really impressed with the baskets I've seen here, because most of the baskets in the museums back home use only two colors. One of the things I've recently learned here is that when some of our weavers had access to trade blankets, they'd unravel the wool and use it in their baskets.<br><br>To see this really made me feel good, because my contemporary baskets are also made with commercial fibers. So our cultures are really dynamic and we just use whatever is available.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[8] = new data("images/collaboration/gp08_l.jpg","<font>&quot;I use dogbane for weaving Sally Bags. The plants are 3 feet or higher. Only the bark is used.<br><br>Dogbane can only be harvested in the Fall, when it's sticky &quot;milk&quot; has dried. It's found primarily east of the Cascades in alkaline soil, near groundwater. Sedge grass, cattail, and tule are also used. Sedge is harvested in early fall in swamps. It is a 3-sided grass. Cattail and tule are harvested in the summer and fall. The tall leaves are preferred. After harvesting, all are washed, dried and stored for later use.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[9] = new data("images/collaboration/gp09_l.jpg","<font>&quot;Since there aren't a lot of weavers to share information with me, I also go out and experiment with different fibers. Some fibers work and some don't. From the research I've been doing here, I find I'm really on the right track – this is probably how our ancestors did their weaving. They just tried things out; if it worked they used it, and that which didn't work was a lesson – that's how we learn.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[10] = new data("images/collaboration/gp10_l.jpg","<font>&quot;The Wasco are known for our geometric designs and our human geometric figures and motifs. This example happens to be a salmon gill design. We were a fishing people, we butchered salmon for food. Salmon were very important to our culture; we got to know the salmon very intimately. When you're cleaning salmon and look at the gills there really is a beautiful pattern on the gills. We are honoring the salmon by using this design.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[11] = new data("images/collaboration/gp11_l.jpg","<font>&quot;Normally, when I give weaving demonstrations for the public, I usually bring commercial fibers that I buy in the store. Bringing along natural fibers can get messy – you need water to soak the materials in. This particular commercial fiber happens to be washed linen. It's very good for weaving small objects.<br><br>At home, if I were working on something like this I would probably use dogbane. I could split dogbane into a size such as this or smaller; that's what I would use. In fact dogbane comes in these two colors&quot;</font>")
dataGP[12] = new data("images/collaboration/gp12_l.jpg","<font>&quot;The bottom of this Sally Bag uses regular twining, twisting the wefts around the warps. For the design, two different colored wefts (weaving strands) are used. To control the color in the designs, the full-turn twine technique is used, putting an extra twist in to control the color.<br><br>It's important that the left hand hold the tension of the warps as the right handed weaver weaves the designs. A 7 inch diameter basket takes me approximately 45 minutes me to weave 1 row. If the design is very complicated, it will take longer. The twining is the twisting of the weaves around each warp. The full-turn twining is 2 twists around each warp to make the design. The twisting makes the basket very strong.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[13] = new data("images/collaboration/gp13_l.jpg","<font>&quot;This is a very old basket that was given to me. It has a geometric design with a human figure which represents our ancestors.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[14] = new data("images/collaboration/gp14_l.jpg","<font>Sturgeon With The Babies<br>1994<br><br>&quot;The story behind this basket is: I had two friends who were both expecting, so for this basket I made two couples. The female image has the baby inside her.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[15] = new data("images/collaboration/gp15_l.jpg","<font>Sturgeon with the Babies<br>1994<br><br>&quot;This view shows sturgeon greeting the mother. Sturgeon are symbols to the Wasco people of long life and strength. They live for 200 years and can weigh over 2000 pounds. Sturgeon have always been special to us.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[16] = new data("images/collaboration/gp16_l.jpg","<font>&quot;A few years ago I'd read about frogs; that they were being affected by ultraviolet rays. So I got on this frog theme and did baskets to honor the frog.<br><br>I told a friend about this. She's a spinner. She gave me some red wool she'd spun and dyed, and told me to make a basket to honor the red frog. On this basket, above the frog, are what look like little rows of crosses, but they're really songs.<br><br>We have frogs around the house and in the early morning, when the sun comes up and warms the side of the house, they start singing&quot;</font>")
dataGP[17] = new data("images/collaboration/gp17_l.jpg","<font>&quot;This is another basket of mine with a little frog image on it. It's 2 inches tall. I varied the shape to resemble a vase with a wide top and tapered at the bottom. There are four frogs on this little basket&quot;</font>")
dataGP[18] = new data("images/collaboration/gp18_l.jpg","<font>&quot;These three baskets are each about 6 inches tall and made of raffia. Traditionally, all of our baskets had leather on the rims. Two of the baskets have leather on their rims. The basket on the left is done with the salmon gill design. The middle basket has the fawn spot design. I think fawns are special and beautiful, I just wanted to make a basket to honor them. The basket on the right has the condor design.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[19] = new data("images/collaboration/gp19_l.jpg","<font>&quot;Just for contrast – I wanted to show a traditional basket, an old Wasco basket that was given to me, next to one that I've done in a contemporary style. I call this the Yuppie Indians. It's a geometric image of two people; a man and a woman. The man is dressed up in a suit and the woman is in a tight turquoise dress. She's ready to paint the town and go dancing. I put a tie on the man and the hat band matches his blue tie. He's got blue socks to match everything.<br><br>I did this to contrast the traditional geometric figures, which are beautiful but very plain. I wanted to show that cultures are dynamic and they do change. This is my interpretation of a contemporary geometric figure&quot;</font>")                           
dataGP[20] = new data("images/collaboration/gp20_l.jpg","<font>&quot;I weave with a lot of natural fibers, but I usually use commercial fibers such as cotton and wool when I demonstrate weaving techniques for the public. People always ask me why I don't use the natural fibers. This question is a great opportunity for me to explain to them how difficult and dangerous it is for basket weavers to harvest materials. Areas free from chemical contamination are hard to find. In harvesting plant fibers, all basket weavers must be careful about chemical sprays. Many government agencies spray &quot;weeds&quot;, unaware that Native Americans use many plant materials for food, medicine, baskets, cordage, etc. This is an ongoing problem.<br><br>This question also gave me the idea to harvest contemporary materials I'd found along the road side; in general, pieces of discarded junk. When I brought it all home I asked my husband what the gray and blue wire I'd found was used for. He said that it was electrical wire, probably for wiring a house. I also found a BMW emblem, an arm of a little doll, and pieces of chain from perhaps a dog's chain. So I wove this basket. It's my Contemporary Harvested Basket.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[21] = new data("images/collaboration/gp21_l.jpg","<font>&quot;I do a lot of weaving with cattail leaves. The inside part of the cattail is too thick to weave with, so I use it for the spokes of my baskets and weave around the spokes.<br><br>Once, while walking on the beach, I found some long strawberry vine. I decided to experiment with this material and wove a tiny little basket with it. I wasn't sure if the material would store very well, but I dried all the fibers and stored them.<br><br>About a month later, I picked up the little basket and the fibers looked really good, so I soaked the basket and soaked the strawberry runners and continued to make these baskets. As the days passed I noticed that little buds were appearing on the strawberry vine and had started opening into little leaves. The next basket I wove with the strawberry vine, I wove bigger around the cat tail spokes to allow room for the buds to form and to open up.&quot;</font>")                                                                                                                   
dataGP[22] = new data("images/collaboration/gp22_l.jpg","<font>&quot;I wove these two baskets using the traditional Northwest Coast style of weaving. They're used for storage and are made of cedar bark, cattail, and other natural fibers. I like to harvest cedar bark; it smells so good. When you pull it off the tree it feels just like leather. I also teach this style to other tribes of the Northwest.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[23] = new data("images/collaboration/gp23_l.jpg","<font>Inside-Out Sally Bag<br>5 x 5 inches<br>1997<br><br>&quot;I really feel connected to my ancestors when I weave. One of my recent baskets came to me in a dream. I call it an inside-out basket. Normally baskets just have a design on the outside, but in my dream this basket had a design on both the inside and the outside. When I woke up I knew I could make this basket. The inside is a step design; a symbol of growth. On the outside I put a ring of faces representing the petroglyph faces found along the Columbia River.<br><br>If I have a basket that has 100 warps, I start with all 100 warps, I don't add warps. So, when I did this inside-out basket with two different designs I had to make sure the design on the inside had 100 warps and the design on the outside also had 100 warps. They had to balance and this was a great challenge.&quot;</font>")                                   
dataGP[24] = new data("images/collaboration/gp24_l.jpg","<font>&quot;When I was a little girl we never threw anything away. My father was into ecology and recycling before ecology was even a word. We always found uses for everything and this is also true for my fibers. I never throw away my trimmings – my cattail and dogbane.<br><br>I once took a class in paper making. I made this paper from a mixture of cedar and dogbane. I thought it would be neat to do a weaving with cedar to go along with the paper, so I made a twill design and wove it right on to the paper. It's about 8 by 7 inches.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[25] = new data("images/collaboration/gp25_l.jpg","<font>&quot;I also do quilts and wall hangings. My sister and I do a lot of weaving and sewing together. Michigan State University has a Folk Art Department and they have collected a lot of quilts. They have two of my quilts and four of my sister's quilts. They collected 1000 quilts and wanted to create a quilt exhibition to show at NMAI. The exhibition was called To Honor and Comfort and was on view at the George Gustav Heye Center from October 1997 to January 1998.<br><br>One of my quilts was chosen when they selected 40 quilts for the exhibition. My quilt is called To Honor the First Nations. I gathered information from books about the different tribes of the United States. I was impressed by the intelligence and progressiveness of the First Nations people. I copied a number of quotes from what I'd read that most impressed me, and put them on the quilt. I also included some weaving images. I was really honored that my quilt was included in that exhibit and now here I am, a Research Fellow at NMAI. I feel really good&quot;</font>")                                                                                                         
dataGP[26] = new data("images/collaboration/gp26_l.jpg","<font>&quot;The geometric figures on these baskets are based on the traditional figures from very old Sally Bags. The larger of the three baskets is about 10 inches tall, the middle one is about 7 inches tall, and the little one is about 3 inches tall. I connected them all with dogbane.<br><br>The Plateau tribes and Wasco have what we call a Calendar Ball made of dogbane cordage. We go by the moon cycle and put a knot in the cordage for each day. A special knot or bead is added to represent each month. One person keeps the record for the tribe, the family, or the community. Other material such as shells or feathers may be added to the cordage to represent a special event, like the eruption of Mount St. Helen, for example. Births and deaths are recorded by adding a certain color bead. So, this Calendar Ball is a record - a history of the tribe.<br><br>I wanted to use this concept with these three baskets. I made my own dogbane cordage and put it around the big basket, connected it to the medium one which was then connected to the little basket. Between each of the baskets I put a bead. Each bead represents the gift of weaving. The bead from the big bag represents the gift from my ancestors (represented by the big basket) to my generation (represented by the medium basket). The bead between the medium bag and the little bag is my gift to the next generation (represented by the little basket), and the beads from the little basket represent the generations to come.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[27] = new data("images/collaboration/gp27_l.jpg","<font>&quot;This contemporary Sally Bag is 8 inches tall and is called Sally Sisters Go To Town. It's made of cotton, beads, charms. The rim is made of ultra suede. There are two traditional geometric human figures and two contemporary &quot;modern&quot; geometric figures. The modern women are &quot;decked out&quot; in colorful dresses, coordinated with heels, belts, lipstick, and earrings.<br><br>I wove this basket with 4 weavers (wefts) for each color; beige, black, red, and turquoise for the dress of the second woman on the reverse side of the basket. Most twined baskets use two weavers. I also dressed up the basket by decorating it with a necklace of colorful glass beads, bells, and charms.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[28] = new data("images/collaboration/gp28_l.jpg","<font>&quot;I pass on the gift of weaving by giving classes. This is a picture of the people in one of my classes. I'm really proud of them, because they were a mixture of different ages. The youngest was eleven and the oldest woman was around my age, which I'll just say is over fifty. We also had a couple of people that were recovering alcoholics and this was a method of recovery and healing for them.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[29] = new data("images/collaboration/gp29_l.jpg","<font>&quot;It's also important to me to share what I know with the next generation. I just loved working with these four girls. They just came up to me and asked me to teach them how to weave. I didn't have anything for them to weave with, I only had miniature baskets with me and you don't start out teaching miniature basket weaving.<br><br>I told them to run off and get a specific amount of yarn, and when they returned I'd teach them. I really made an effort to work with each of them. We worked together and they all finished their baskets.<br><br>One of the girls comes from a family of well known basket weavers; when she finished her miniature basket she asked me what she could do with. I told her to get some more yarn and make a necklace out of it. So she did.<br><br>When the other girls finished theirs she said to me, 'It's the custom for our tribe to give away the first basket', and gave it to me. I felt so honored by her gift; it remains very precious to me.&quot;</font>")
dataGP[30] = new data("images/collaboration/gp30_l.jpg","<font>&quot;We always invite elders to our basket gatherings. We especially want young people to come, too, because we want them to learn how to weave and just be amongst weavers; to see what we do.<br><br>In the background of this photo is one of our elders. She's one of our very honored weavers. In the foreground is her great granddaughter. The young one is not quite ready to weave yet, but I thought this picture really represents what it's all about. It represents the gifts given to me by the elder, which I now give back to the next generation – to this little girl&quot;</font>")
dataGP[31] = new data("images/collaboration/gp31_l.jpg","<font>&quot;It's been a wonderful experience here at NMAI, and to connect again with the very old baskets. I've only been weaving since 1991, so I think that it's really important for me to learn these designs, because I am going to go back home and share them with as many people as I can.<br><br>I also feel really good about being part of a group of people who helped revive this technique of weaving, and being a part of creating the Northwest Native American Basket Weavers Association.&quot;</font>")

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